Final Draft

Language is the best tool for humans to survive and make society rather than any other things.

Language is the best tool for humans to survive and make society rather than any other things.

How can human live until 100 years old or more, and survive without being extinct? Of course, there are a lot of factors that makes people  constantly live such as technology, science, inventions, however, among them, language is one of the most important inventions that people made. We do not know exactly when people started to make language, but many myths are related to survival of humans- to communicate each other, to hunt, to indicate it is dangerous, or to require help. To express these situations and to survive, they need language and society. People have made language since being homo sapiens, and after many changes, about 7000 languages are made in different countries. These languages are made by human thought, so we can make a large number of words. However, there is a paradoxical problem between 'we make languages with our thought' and 'we express our thought with language.' Which is first? We have to think with language but if there was no language to express that thought, are you really sure that you are thinking now? To prove that we are thinking, we should make language continuously and the language should be agreed and shared by people who use the same language. Expressing our thought with language would lead to making society and more developed countries. Language is the best tool to survive and make society rather than any other things.

Language is an  evolution that ancestors had made and have been changing until now. Homo sapiens are the first developer of language between 30,000 and 100,000 years ago,and they had tried to create new languages and talk each other for better survival. Deprived physical environment such as in ice age or desert made human hard to find food. That's why they made 'language'. Thanks to the language, people were able to communicate each other and make society. Many hunters could hunt very well because they can leave sign to find food or some tips that help hunt well and place where many animals live,For example, an early man realized that thunder causes deer to run away, and then noticed that he need to announce the fact to his hunt partners. Also, they could save their lives easily by using languages because they could stop other people hurt by notifying danger. There is another example from an evolutionist John McCrone. Acoording to him, during ice age, apes should try to find enough food and they happened on the language.  As human learned how survive by using language, they did not have to experience unnecessary difficulties and could feel solidarity. It shows the reason why they were able to create concept about  society.
Language is an evolutionary adaptation. According to the Harvard sampler, people adapt to effective reproduction in the kind of environment that ancestors, hunter-gatherer lived long time of their evolutionary history.  Acquiring spoken language became an innate ability of human and  it caused left hemisphere to be developed. Also there is Chomsky's language acquisition theory. He believes that people have innate ability to use language and have unconcious mind from the birth because of the Language acquisition device. It allows children to acquire any language .

We, people have developed many things and made a lot of inventions. Television, cellphone, computer, refrigerator, air conditioner, i-pad, printer, even pencil, are these things existed in the past? The answer is absolutely no. However we can know that these things can be invented by using languages and recording the way to make them. Inventors need to discuss with peers about invents and they need people's need and they try to solve people's inconvenience.

With these examples, I want to tell you that language is evolved, people can change their language, but people who use their country's language should a common language so that other people can understand the meaning of the word. If people had their way to create their own language, no one can communicate , and that could not be language. Because anguage is an evolutionary adaptation, we can use language, express our opinion and survive.

As you can see, the language is an adaptation. However, it also means that the language had been changed so many times. Also, 'differences' are made in different countries because people had experienced in different situations and environment. To survive in different places, differences occur among languages.

Whorf hypothesis in 1956 shows that shortage of language causes less understanding and less knowledge. It means that some vocabularies that are developed in one place can not exist other countries. Language can expose unique features and environment of the place and it allow people to guess that languages are related to the environment and society. For example, Inuits in Alaska categorized snows based on colors, so there are many kinds of words about snow rather than that of other countries. Also, Hopi Indians have less past and future words. It shows that they have value in present. Finally, Philippine is a country that agriculture is developed, so there are many words about agriculture and rice. We can see that language can become different according to the cultures and countries. Various words in one field can help other people know how the people who use that language think and what they focus on. Also, if certain word in one field developed in one country, limitation of the language can happen in other countries, because there are no words that can replace those words. However, it would not be any obstacle because they do not need those language in their places for survive.
Language is a communication tool, so its adaptive function is to help talk each other, communicators pass information from one generation to another, thus enriching heritage, which, in turn, further develops language and the user's understanding of the world. However, if there is no language what would happen? There would be no society. There would be no name, no words that express our mind, and may be ability to speak would not exist. There would be no communication, no family, and so humans would become vulnerable to survive, because they cannot share information and their ability to develop their brain would disappear.
To return, if there had been no language, there would be no family. Humans usually depend on family, especially parents for survival. However, to share love each other, people need language. There is no way to express their mind without language. Of course we can express by our body, but without any information, people would not know how to do sexual action and grow child. It is hard to make and grow baby alone, and if people have to learn that by experience, they would usually fail. Then the concept of family will disappear because there would be no connection between parents and baby. People need language to sustain family stably and to save our mind valuing our 'family'. Language does very important work for human living and thinking, so if there is no language, really big disaster could happen. Maybe we would be extinct just like dinosaur. Abstract things such as emotion, feeling, and imagine are something that can not define with language, because they can be different according to the situation and environment. However we can explain that kind of abstract things to others. People experience 'love', 'happy', 'sad', 'angry', so we are able to name these things with language, and understand these words. Thanks to the language, we can embody abstract things and it help us communicate more naturally and easily. Also. it helps us to share our thinking to others very closely and respond accurately.

Language is the best tool to express our thinking. Without language we cannot think. Our brain capacity is infinite, so we are able to think anything, even while sleeping. By thinking with the language, so many changes happened. As time goes, people wanted to live in more convenient society, so they started to think and do experiment. By doing experimenting, they made so much information that helps people live and tried to develop the information. For example, science and math are something that first made by human thinking. With the records of these, someone added more information based or existing definition. As they share their information, science that affect most of our societies could be developed and we could survive by developing societies by using languages.
People say that animals can survive and adapt in their environment without language. However accordig to Steven Pinker, animal communication and human language are very different. Animal languages consist of three features. When they warn to other animals, they just do finite repertory of call, they express magnitude of state by repeating analog signals such as dancing bees, and use a repeated random variation like dogs barking and birds singing. Animals do limited communication while leaving because they do not need language that much. However, that's why animals and humans are different. We cannot find any instructive, technological, educational things through animals. That's why the number of them is reducing because they just live without any purpose, and they do not have such thing as 'culture', so their society is weaker than human. Comparing to animals, human language is infinte, digital, compositional because combinational system, grammar can make infinte meanings. It makes people can express their thinking and develop their thinking by making 'meaning'. They do not live just to live or survive, that's why they are trying to think and share with other with the method, language. Human can control animals by technology. Why a number of cows and pigs are dying to fatten human?  Why strong animals such as elephants, lions, alligators are in zoos? Who catched them? The answer is human. It means if humans put their mind to kill all the animal, they can do it with nuclear which is affected by language. We have language to protect us and conquer others, however, animals do not any language and thinking that can make them safe.

There are so many things that people made for survival. Many invention, food, houses, everything around us can help us to live well. Our society has been changed by humans and developed by many inventors and leaders. Before the language exists, our lives was just like animals' lives. We just had used body language, hunt, built house with trees. Our left side of the brain would not develop at that time, and would have less ability. May be after using the tools, such as stone to hunt, sticks to indicate the number of the animals they hunted, and fire, we started to invent some 'words' to communicate each other in community. About 7,000 languages exist, every person learn their countries' language from other people. Before the babies speak, they have to receive special care from family, but after they grow up, they can learn language naturally to adapt in society.
People have had ability to speak and acquire ability to use language since thousands ago, and surprisingly, languages are still developed. Making and sharing information is an important trait of the language, and this trait can be basis of human invention. In other words, language can help another invention to be invented. Also only language can prove that we are thinking and language is the only way we can express it.
Language can be the thing that can make our culture. Because people can experience common things in that country, or spread some traits, and share culture with communication and sympathy, we are able to create culture and name it with our own language. We usually take using language for grant, however we should know that how the language is important in our lives. Language is dong big deal to maintain our society and save our lives and we should continue to create words for our healthy lives more and more.


references
Noan chomsky. language acquisition of language
https://sites.google.com/a/sheffield.ac.uk/all-about-linguistics/branches/language-acquisition/who-studies-language-acquisition
 John McCrone. Origin of Language
http://www.trueorigin.org/language01.asp
Pinker/Bloom 1990 “Adaptive Complexity”,
http://www.replicatedtypo.com/2612/2612.html
Steven Pinker and Paul Bloom (1990)“Natural Language and Natural Selection”
from http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/language-evolve.htm
the Whorfian hypothesis
http://joshmanning.com/friends/whorf.htm
Language and man
http://www.quranmiracles.com/2011/03/language-and-man/
David Bohm & David Peat, _Science Order, and Creativity_, p. 241
http://www.david-bohm.net/
Stephen R. Anderson How Many Languages Are There in the World?
http://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/how-many-languages-are-there-world
Steven Pinker (1994). The Language Instinct.
http://machineslikeus.com/news/difference-between-human-and-other-animal-communication
Language and Technology
http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/lang/languageandtechnology.htm
Anna Wierzbicka's "universal semantics"
A "linguistic-constructionist" approach to "emotions"
http://www.massey.ac.nz/~alock/virtual/bamberg.htm

by	Dave Miller, Ph.D. Bert Thompson, Ph.D. Brad Harrub, Ph.D. The Origin of Language and Communication http://www.apologeticspress.org/apcontent.aspx?category=9&article=1351

Week 15 APA Citations

Language is the best tool for humans to survive and make society rather than any other things.

Language is the best tool for humans to survive and make society rather than any other things.

How can human live until 100 years old or more, and survive without being extinct? Of course there are a lot of factors that makes people live constantly such as technology, science, inventions, however, among them, language is one of the most important invention that people made. We do not know exactly when people started to make language, but many myths are related to survival of humans- to communicate each other, to hunt, to indicate it is dangerous, or to require help. To express these situation and to survive, they need language and society. People have made language since being homo sapiens, and after many changes, about 7000 languages are made in different country. These languages are made by human thought, so we can make a large number of words. However, there is a paradoxical problem between 'we make languages with our thought' and 'we express our thought with language.' Which is first? We have to think with language but if there was no language to express that thought, can you really sure that you are thinking now? To prove that we are thinking, we should make language continuously and the language should be agreed and shared by people who use same language. Expressing our thought with language would lead to make society and more developed countries. Language is the best tool to survive and make society rather than any other things.

Language is an adaptation that ancestors had made and have been changing until now. Homo sapiens are the first developer of language between 30,000 and 100,000 years ago and they had tried to create new languages and talk each other for better survival. Deprived physical environment such as in ice age or desert made human hard to find food. That's why they made 'language'. Thanks to the language, people were able to communicate each other and make society. Many hunters could hunt very well because they can leave sign to find food or some tips that help hunt well and place where many animals live,For example, an early man realized that thunder causes deer to run away, and then noticed that he need to announce the fact to his hunt partners. Also, they could save their lives easily by using languages because they could stop other people hurt by notifying danger. As human learned how survive by using language, they did not have to experience unnecessary difficulties and could feel solidarity. It shows the reason why they were able to create concept about family and society.
Language also can be a factor of making babies. The baby is t vulnerable creature among the creatures, so parents need to protect them to survive, and to help them adapt in the society. However do you know how people are able to bear babies? Do people know how to have baby from the birth? Of course not. Without any language, people would be very hard to do sexual action because they do not know how to do that, I mean no one could tell you the method. They needed to find the way by themselves. Also in the absence of language, there would be no communication, and, therefore, no family. The respect of the child for parents could not be established. If babies or children do not depend on their parents, and if there is no communication between family members, the population in earth could reduce and there is possibility for human to be extinct.

We, people has developed many things and made a lot of inventions. Television, cellphone, computer, refrigerator, air conditioner, i-pad, printer, even pencil, are these things existed in the past? The answer is absolutely no. However we can know that these things can be invented by using languages and recording the way to make them. Inventors need to discuss with peers about invents and they need people's need and they try to solve people's inconvenience.

With these examples, I want to tell you that language is evolved, people can change their language, but people who use their country's language should a common language so that other people can understand the meaning of the word. If people had their way to create their own language, no one can communicate and that could not be language. Because language is evolutionary adaptation, we can use language, express our opinion and survive.

As you can see, the language is an adaptation. However, it also mean that the language had been changed so many time. Also, 'differences' are made in different countries because people had experienced in different situations and environment. To survive in different places, differences occur among languages.

Whorf hypothesis in 1956 shows that shortage of language causes less understanding and less knowledge. It means that some vocabularies that are developed in one place can not exist other countries. Language can expose unique features and environment of the place and it allow people to guess that languages are related to the environment and society. For example, Inuits in Alaska categorized snows based on colors, so there are many kinds of words about snow rather than that of other countries. Also, Hopi Indians have less past and future words. It shows that they have value in present. Finally, Philippine is a country that agriculture is developed, so there are many words about agriculture and rice. We can see that language can become different according to the cultures and countries. Various words in one field can help other people know how the people who use that language think and what they focus on. Also, if certain word in one field developed in one country, limitation of the language can happen in other countries, because there are no words that can replace those words. However, it would not be any obstacle because they do not need those language in their places for survive.
Language is a communication tool, so its adaptive function is to help talk each other, communicators pass information from one generation to another, thus enriching heritage, which, in turn, further develops language and the user's understanding of the world. However, if there is no language what would happen? There would be no society. There would be no name, no words that express our mind, and may be ability to speak would not exist. There would be no communication, no family, and so humans would become vulnerable to survive, because they cannot share information and their ability to develop their brain would disappear.
To return, if there had been no language, there would be no family. Humans usually depend on family, especially parents for survival. However, to share love each other, people need language. There is no way to express their mind without language. Of course we can express by our body, but without any information, people would not know how to do sexual action and grow child. It is hard to make and grow baby alone, and if people have to learn that by experience, they would usually fail. Then the concept of family will disappear because there would be no connection between parents and baby. People need language to sustain family stably and to save our mind valuing our 'family'. Language does very important work for human living and thinking, so if there is no language, really big disaster could happen. Maybe we would be extinct just like dinosaur. Abstract things such as emotion, feeling, and imagine are something that can not define with language, because they can be different according to the situation and environment. However we can explain that kind of abstract things to others. People experience 'love', 'happy', 'sad', 'angry', so we are able to name these things with language, and understand these word. Thanks to the language, we can embody abstract things and it help us communicate more naturally and easily. Also. it helps us to share our thinking to others very closely and respond accurately.

Language is the best tool to express our thinking. Without language we cannot think. Our brain capacity is infinite, so we are able to think anything, even while sleeping. By thinking with the language, so many changes happened. As time goes, people wanted to live in more convenient society, so they started to think and do experiment. By doing experimenting, they made so much information that helps people live and tried to develop the information. For example, science and math are something that firs made by human thinking. With the records of these, someone added more information based or existing definition. As they share their information, science that affect most of our societies could developed and we could survive by developing societies by using languages.
People say that there are many other things that can be the best tool for human being survival except language. Someone says 'money' is the best tool to survive and make society. If people have money, they can buy anything that they want to have. They can buy food, house, clothes, shoes, books, and even organisms such as dog with money. With money, we can make friends, be couple (by meeting), and go to school. According to the amount of money, people's lives, environment, personality can be different. Rich people can live luxuriously, and spend much money so that it can help their country's economy, but poor people like some of Africans can not live and eat well. However, we have to know that to earn money, we need language. 'Money' is not something that we can earn without effort. Every people work hard to sustain their own family and survive. To work, people should communicate with colleagues and draft documents. Especially in company, language is a really important thing . Also the concept of 'money' can be defined by language, so if there was no language, money would not exist.

Someone says our body is the best tool to survive. They can feed themselves, farming, and build their houses themselves. However, only with their bodies, there would not be any development in our society. We would have to live just like animals and our brain will be smaller and smaller. Humans and animals are different. If there is no language, we may have to live like animals. We can survive and make society like animals, however, there is limitation. In our society, some organisms who have power to control others can survive well. The number of the weak would decrease. So powerful animals such as elephants, lions, bear, tigers can dominate whole world, and population of human would diminish.

There are so many things that people made for survival. Many invention, food, houses, everything around us can help us to live well. Our society has been changed by humans and developed by many inventors and leaders. Before the language exist, our lives was just like animals' lives. We just had used body language, hunt, built house with trees. Our left side of the brain would not develop at that time, and would have less ability. May be after using the tools, such as stone to hunt, sticks to indicate the number of the animals they hunted, and fire, we started to invent some 'words' to communicate each other in community. About 7,000 languages exist, every people learn their countries' language from other people. Before the babies speak, they have to receive special care from family, but after they grow up, they can learn language naturally to adapt in society.
People has had ability to speak and acquire ability to use language since thousands ago, and surprisingly, languages are still developed. Making and sharing information is an important trait of the language, and this trait can be basis of human invention. In other words, language can help another invention to be invented. Also only language can prove that we are thinking and language is the only way we can express it.
Language can be the thing that can make our culture. Because people can experience common things in that country, or spread some traits, and share culture with communication and sympathy, we are able to create culture and name it with our own language. We usually take using language for grant, however we should know that how the language is important in our lives. Language is dong big deal to maintain our society and save our lives and we should continue to create words for our healthy lives more and more.


references
Pinker/Bloom 1990  “Adaptive Complexity”,
 http://www.replicatedtypo.com/2612/2612.html
 Steven Pinker and Paul Bloom (1990)“Natural Language and Natural Selection”
from http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/language-evolve.htm    
the Whorfian hypothesis
http://joshmanning.com/friends/whorf.htm
Language and man
http://www.quranmiracles.com/2011/03/language-and-man/
David Bohm & David Peat, _Science Order, and Creativity_, p. 241
http://www.david-bohm.net/
Stephen R. Anderson How Many Languages Are There in the World?
http://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/how-many-languages-are-there-world
 Language and Technology
http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/lang/languageandtechnology.htm
Anna Wierzbicka's "universal semantics"
A "linguistic-constructionist" approach to "emotions"
http://www.massey.ac.nz/~alock/virtual/bamberg.htm

by	Dave Miller, Ph.D. Bert Thompson, Ph.D. Brad Harrub, Ph.D. The Origin of Language and Communication http://www.apologeticspress.org/apcontent.aspx?category=9&article=1351

peer reveiw

김예림
Grade
According to the rubric above, what grade would you give this essay? Why?
This essay deserves a two. I think her argument and reason is too weak.
How does this essay need to improve to get a better grade?
I think she need to research more and change the introduction because it makes little confused. Also she need exact reason that can support her argument.

Thesis
What is the thesis?
Korean government shouldn't have any regulations about the freedom of expression on the Internet.

 

Is the thesis clear and debatable?
Yes .
If you (The reviewer) wrote this essay, how would you have written the thesis?
Korean government should not censor the Internet.
Any other thoughts?
This is interesting. But it needs much information to support the argument.
Classical Argument
Can you easily identify the 5 parts of the classical argument? If no, what parts are missing?
yes. but some parts are not perfect.
Does the introduction catch your attention? Does it comfortably lead to the thesis?
Introduction makes me hard to understand. I think it is not related to the government censoring.

Does the narration give all the necessary background information to understand the topic?
Yes, the definition and past information was good.
Does the confirmation adequately support the thesis?
No. She need more research, I think it is just her thought.  
Does the refutation and concession address a realistic counterpoint? Does it adequately dispute the counterpoint, or respond in a reasonable manner?
I think it is too weak and weird. It's just her thought and their is no information. Also I can not agree with her thought.

Does the conclusion summarize the article and address the larger significance of the thesis?
Not actually. It is too short and she didn't summarize the article. 
What suggestions do you have for improving the classical argument structure?
she should not write her oppinion without evidence.

Persuasion
When you started reading the essay, did you agree or disagree with the thesis?
I agreed with the thesis.

When you finished the essay, did you agree or disagree with the thesis?
I still agree with the thesis.

If your mind changed, why? What parts of the essay were persuasive?
I did not change my mind.

How could the author enhance the persuasive parts of their essay?
Spend more time to parephrase sentence, but she have to spend more and more time
Research
Is the author using research effectively?
Yes

Is the research from appropriate sources?
Yes,
Are the sources obvious?
no
Are the pieces of evidence relevant to the thesis or essay?
yes, but she need more evidence to support her oppinion.

Are there any parts of the essay that need evidence to support the claims?
She need more time to research and she need to change he introduction 

peer review

peer review for 국승현

Grade
According to the rubric above, what grade would you give this essay? Why?
I want to give five point. First, the topic is very interesting and allows me to sympathize. Also it shows very specific detail and so much research supports his topic. It is technically perfect.  How does this essay need to improve to get a better grade?
I think he needs to improve conclusion part. It is too short rather than other parts.Thesis
What is the thesis?
the reason why baseball players undergo the sophomore slump is their mental instability.
Is the thesis clear and debatable?
Yes .

If you (The reviewer) wrote this essay, how would you have written the thesis?
mental insrability is major cause of the sophomore slump of baseball players.

Any other thoughts?
This is interesting. This needs statistics of baseball players' performances and many researches will be needed.
Classical Argument
Can you easily identify the 5 parts of the classical argument? If no, what parts are missing?
In his essay, confirmation and refutation are confusing. 

Does the introduction catch your attention? Does it comfortably lead to the thesis?
It is good..

Does the narration give all the necessary background information to understand the topic?
yes. But there are too much abbreviation that readers cannot understand well.
Does the confirmation adequately support the thesis?
Yes, there are many specific examples, and information.

Does the refutation and concession address a realistic counterpoint? Does it adequately dispute the counterpoint, or respond in a reasonable manner?
 there is no accurate research that can support the reason. He also conceded that there is no proven statistics
Does the conclusion summarize the article and address the larger significance of the thesis?
good summary, also it was good to write solution that he thought.

What suggestions do you have for improving the classical argument structure?
I think he need to find statisics or he should erase contents about 'it is not proved', it makes confuse

Persuasion
When you started reading the essay, did you agree or disagree with the thesis?
I agreed with the thesis
When you finished the essay, did you agree or disagree with the thesis?
I still agree with the thesis.

If your mind changed, why? What parts of the essay were persuasive?
I did not change my mind.

How could the author enhance the persuasive parts of their essay?
do not say you're research is not accurate and something is not proven.

Research
Is the author using research effectively?
Yes

Is the research from appropriate sources?
Yes
Are the sources obvious?
Yes, .

Are the pieces of evidence relevant to the thesis or essay?
Usually. baseball player's examples were good

Are there any parts of the essay that need evidence to support the claims?
he need crucial evidence that can support his argument

week 12 second draft

  Language is the best tool for humans to survive and make society rather than any other things.

Language is the best tool for humans to survive and make society rather than any other things.

How can human live until 100 years old or more, and survive without being extinct? Of course there are a lot of factors that makes people live constantly such as technology, science, inventions, however, among them, language is one of the most important invention that people made. We do not know exactly when people started to make language, but many myths are related to survival of humans- to communicate each other, to hunt, to indicate it is dangerous, or to require help. To express these situation and to survive, they need language and society. People have made language since being homo sapiens, and after many changes, about 7000 languages are made in different country. These languages are made by human thought, so we can make a large number of words. However, there is a paradoxical problem between 'we make languages with our thought' and 'we express our thought with language.' Which is first? We have to think with language but if there was no language to express that thought, can you really sure that you are thinking now? To prove that we are thinking, we should make language continuously and the language should be agreed and shared by people who use same language. Expressing our thought with language would lead to make society and more developed countries. Language is the best tool to survive and make society rather than any other things.

Language is an  adaptation that ancestors had made and have been changing until now.  Homo sapiens are the first developer of language between 30,000 and 100,000 years ago and they had tried to  create new languages and talk each other for better survival.  Deprived physical environment such as in ice age or desert made human hard to find food.  That's why they made 'language'. Thanks to the language, people were able to communicate each other and make society. Many hunters could hunt very well because they can leave sign to find food or some tips that help hunt well and place where many animals live,For example, an early man realized that thunder causes deer  to run away, and then noticed that he need to announce the fact to his hunt partners.  Also, they could save their lives easily by using languages because they could stop other people hurt by notifying danger.  As human learned how survive by using language, they did not have to experience unnecessary difficulties and  could feel solidarity. It shows the reason why they were able to create concept about family and society.
Language also can be a factor of making babies. The baby is t vulnerable creature among the creatures, so parents need to protect them to survive, and to help them adapt in the society. However do you know how people are able to bear babies? Do people know how to have baby from the birth? Of course not. Without any language, people would be very hard to do sexual action because they do not know how to do that, I mean no one could tell you the method. They needed to find the way by themselves. Also in the absence of  language, there would be no communication, and, therefore, no family. The respect of the child for parents could not be established. If babies or children do not depend on their parents, and if there is no communication between family members, the population in earth could reduce and there is possibility for human to be extinct.

We, people has developed many things and made a lot of inventions. Television, cellphone, computer, refrigerator, air conditioner, i-pad, printer, even pencil, are these things existed in the past? The answer is absolutely no. However we can know that these things can be invented by using languages and recording the way to make them. Inventors need to discuss with peers about invents and they need people's need and they try to solve people's inconvenience.

With these examples, I want to tell you that language is evolved, people can change their language, but people who use their country's language should a common language so that other people can understand the meaning of the word. If people had their way to create their own language, no one can communicate and that could not be language. Because language is evolutionary adaptation, we can use language, express our opinion and survive.

As you can see, the language is an adaptation. However, it also mean that the language had been changed so many time. Also, 'differences' are made in different countries because people had experienced in different situations and environment. To survive in different places, differences occur among languages.

Whorf hypothesis in 1956 shows that shortage of language causes less understanding and less knowledge. It means that some vocabularies that are developed in one place can not exist other countries. Language can expose unique features and environment of the place and it allow people to guess that languages are related to the environment and society. For example, Inuits in Alaska categorized snows based on colors, so there are many kinds of words about snow rather than that of other countries. Also, Hopi Indians have less past and future words. It shows that they have value in present. Finally, Philippine is a country that agriculture is developed, so there are many words about agriculture and rice. We can see that language can become different according to the cultures and countries. Various words in one field can help other people know how the people who use that language think and what they focus on. Also, if certain word in one field developed in one country, limitation of the language can happen in other countries, because there are no words that can replace those words. However, it would not be any obstacle because they do not need those language in their places for survive.
Language is a communication tool, so its adaptive function is to help talk each other, communicators pass information from one generation to another, thus enriching heritage, which, in turn, further develops language and the user's understanding of the world. However, if there is no language what would happen? There would be no society. There would be no name, no words that express our mind, and may be ability to speak would not exist. There would be no communication, no family, and so humans would become vulnerable to survive, because they cannot share information and their ability to develop their brain would disappear.
To return, if there had been no language, there would be no family. Humans usually depend on family, especially parents for survival. However, to share love each other, people need language. There is no way to express their mind without language. Of course we can express by our body, but without any information, people would not know how to do sexual action and grow child. It is hard to make and grow baby alone, and if people have to learn that by experience, they would usually fail. Then the concept of family will disappear because there would be no connection between parents and baby. People need language to sustain family stably and to save our mind valuing our 'family'. Language does very important work for human living and thinking, so if there is no language, really big disaster could happen. Maybe we would be extinct just like dinosaur. Abstract things such as emotion, feeling, and imagine are something that can not define with language, because they can be different according to the situation and environment. However we can explain that kind of abstract things to others. People experience 'love', 'happy', 'sad', 'angry', so we are able to name these things with language, and understand these word. Thanks to the language, we can embody abstract things and it help us communicate more naturally and easily. Also. it helps us to share our thinking to others very closely and respond accurately.

Language is the best tool to express our thinking. Without language we cannot think. Our brain capacity is infinite, so we are able to think anything, even while sleeping. By thinking with the language, so many changes happened. As time goes, people wanted to live in more convenient society, so they started to think and do experiment. By doing experimenting, they made so much information that helps people live and tried to develop the information. For example, science and math are something that firs made by human thinking. With the records of these, someone added more information based or existing definition. As they share their information, science that affect most of our societies could developed and we could survive by developing societies by using languages. There is a person so said about this

This kind of overall way of thinking is not only a fertile source of new theoretical ideas: it is needed for the human mind to function in a generally harmonious way, which could in turn help to make possible an orderly and stable society. by David Bohm

People say that there are many other things that can be the best tool for human being survival except language. Someone says 'money' is the best tool to survive and make society. If people have money, they can buy anything that they want to have. They can buy food, house, clothes, shoes, books, and even organisms such as dog with money. With money, we can make friends, be couple (by meeting), and go to school. According to the amount of money, people's lives, environment, personality can be different. Rich people can live luxuriously, and spend much money so that it can help their country's economy, but poor people like some of Africans can not live and eat well. However, we have to know that to earn money, we need language. 'Money' is not something that we can earn without effort. Every people work hard to sustain their own family and survive. To work, people should communicate with colleagues and draft documents. Especially in company, language is a really important thing . Also the concept of 'money' can be defined by language, so if there was no language, money would not exist.

Someone says our body is the best tool to survive. They can feed themselves, farming, and build their houses themselves. However, only with their bodies, there would not be any development in our society. We would have to live just like animals and our brain will be smaller and smaller. Humans and animals are different. If there is no language, we may have to live like animals. We can survive and make society like animals, however, there is limitation. In our society, some organisms who have power to control others can survive well. The number of the weak would decrease. So powerful animals such as elephants, lions, bear, tigers can dominate whole world, and population of human would diminish.

There are so many things that people made for survival. Many invention, food, houses, everything around us can help us to live well. Our society has been changed by humans and developed by many inventors and leaders. Before the language exist, our lives was just like animals' lives. We just had used body language, hunt, built house with trees. Our left side of the brain would not develop at that time, and would have less ability. May be after using the tools, such as stone to hunt, sticks to indicate the number of the animals they hunted, and fire, we started to invent some 'words' to communicate each other in community. About 7,000 languages exist, every people learn their countries' language from other people. Before the babies speak, they have to receive special care from family, but after they grow up, they can learn language naturally to adapt in society.
People has had ability to speak and acquire ability to use language since thousands ago, and surprisingly, languages are still developed. Making and sharing information is an important trait of the language, and this trait can be basis of human invention. In other words, language can help another invention to be invented. Also only language can prove that we are thinking and language is the only way we can express it.
Language can be the thing that can make our culture. Because people can experience common things in that country, or spread some traits, and share culture with communication and sympathy, we are able to create culture and name it with our own language. We usually take using language for grant, however we should know that how the language is important in our lives. Language is dong big deal to maintain our society and save our lives and we should continue to create words for our healthy lives more and more.

week 11 self evaluation

Self Evaluation Template

1) What score do you think you deserve? Here is the rubric:

2 points - The first draft is thoughtful and a good start to an effective persuasive essay. It demonstrates an understanding of the classical argument.

1 point - The student completes a first draft that demonstrates an understanding of the classical argument

0 points - The first draft is inadequate

I think my score is 1 point, because I think my confirmation is not complete and little cluttered.

2) What did you do well?
I think my introduction and narration is interesting, many researches are included, the topic is what people can easily sympathize. 

arguments are based off of opinions and personal feelings.
3) What could you have done better?

 I found a lot of information and researches that can support my opinion, and I always thought how can I make readers understand when they read my writing. I think chose my topic well, so I could think deeply.
4) Which part of the classical argument did you use the best?

I write my narration well, I think I used many researches and it can be a good foundation to support my opinion.
5) Which part of the classical argument did you use the most poorly?

I think my conclusion is weak. I just summarized briefly, and there's no strong or impressing ending.

6) What's your strategy to make your second draft better?

I think I should write my conclusion again, and I should make it more completely. Also I should elaborate my confirmation part. I should check grammar error or spelling. I should change the world so that readers can understand more easier. Also, I should complement refutation. 

My First draft

   Language is the best tool for humans to survive and make society rather than any other things.

  How can human live until 100 years old or more, and survive without being extinct? Of course there are a lot of factors that makes people live constantly such as technology, science, inventions, however, among them, language is one of the important invention that people made. We do not know exactly when people started to make language, but many myths are related to survival of humans- to communicate each other, to hunt, to indicate it is dangerous, or to require help. To express these situation and to survive, they need language and society. People have made language since being homo sapiens, and after many changes, about 7000 languages are made in different country. These languages are made by human thought, so we can make a large number of words. However, there is a paradoxical problem between 'we make languages with our thought' and 'we express our thought with language.' Which is first?  We have to think with language but if  there was no language to express that thought, can you really sure that you are thinking now? To prove that we are thinking, we should make language continuously and the language should be agreed and shared by people who use same language. Expressing our thought with language would lead to make society and more developed countries. Language is the best tool to survive and make society rather than any other things.

  

  Language is an evolutionary adaptation. Language first appeared among Homo sapiens somewhere between 30,000 and 100,000 years ago and people has spoken with languages, changing and creating the language for better survival. That's where the idea of natural selection comes into play, which is the notion that the specific physical traits of a population make that population more likely to survive its environment. Thanks to the language, people are able to communicate each other and make society. Many hunters can hunt very well and also save their lives easily by using languages. As humans learned more about how to best survive, they noticed a need to communicate these survival methods for their population. Also, as they share their language, they were able to create concept about family and society. 

  A baby is also related to adaptation of language. The baby is the most vulnerable creature among the creatures in the earth. It is dependent on its parents for survival. In the absence of a common language there would be no communication, and, therefore, no family. The paternity of the child could not be established. Only the mother could be identified. Where knowledge does not exist, it is difficult to establish any connection between the sexual act and the birth, notwithstanding the period of nine months that elapses before the child is born. Even this connection is made possible by the use of language. 

   We, people has developed many things and made a lot of inventions. Television, cellphone, computer, refrigerator, air conditioner, i-pad, printer, even pencil, are these things existed in the past? The answer is absolutely no. However we can know that these things can be invented by using languages and recording the way to make them. Inventors need to discuss with peers about invents and they need people's need and they try to solve people's inconvenience.

  With these examples, I want to tell you that language is evolved, people can change their language, but people who use their country's language should a common language so that other people can understand the meaning of the word. If people had their way to create their own language, no one can communicate and that could not be language. Because language is evolutionary adaptation, we can use language, express our opinion and survive.

  As you can see, the language is an adaptation. However, it also mean that the language had been changed so many time. Also, 'differences' are made in different countries because people had experienced in different situations and environment. Difference of language can affect to human thought.

 Whorf hypothesis in 1956 shows that less vocabulary cause less understanding and less knowledge. For example, Inuits in Alaska categorized snows based on colors, so there are many kinds of words about snow rather than that of other countries. Also, Hopi Indians have less past and future words. It shows that they have value in present. Finally, Philippine is an agricultural country, so there are many words about agriculture and rice. We can see that language can become different according to the cultures and countries. Various words in one field can help other people know how the people who use that language think and what they put emphasis on. Also, if certain word in one field developed in one country, limitation of the language can happen in other countries, because there are no words that can replace those words.
 Language is a communication tool, so its adaptive function is to help talk each other, communicators pass information from one generation to another, thus enriching heritage, which, in turn, further develops language and the user's understanding of the world. However, if there is no language what would happen? There would be no society. There would be no name, no words that express our mind, and may be ability to speak would not exist. There would be no communication, no family, and so humans would become vulnerable to survive, because they cannot share information and their ability to develop their brain would disappear.
'Aphasia' is a term used to describe an acquired loss of language that cause problem of speaking, writing, listening, and reading. This problem of using language can cause damage to the brain. Damage to the brain in the left frontal lobe of the language-dominant hemisphere can be affected to spontaneous speech and motor speech control. Left side of the brain is developed the ability to use language, so if someone have disability such as aphasia, the brain suffer damage. Then if there had been no such thing as language, only right side of the brain would work.
 To return, if there had been no language, there would be no family. Humans usually depend on family, especially parents for survival. However, to share love each other, people need language. There is no way to express their mind without language. Of course we can express by  our body, but without any information, people would not know how to do sexual action and grow child. It is hard to make and grow baby alone, and if people have to learn that by experience, they would usually fail. Then the concept of family will disappear because there would be no connection between parents and baby. People need language to sustain family stably and to save our mind valuing our 'family'. Language does very important work for human living and thinking, so if there is no language, really big disaster could happen. Maybe we would be extinct just like dinosaur.  Abstract things such as emotion, feeling, and imagine are something that can not define with language, because they can be different according to the situation and environment. However we can explain that kind of abstract things to others. People experience 'love', 'happy', 'sad', 'angry', so we are able to name these things with language, and understand these word. Thanks to the language, we can embody abstract things and it help us communicate more naturally and easily. Also. it helps us to share our thinking to others very closely and respond accurately.

  People say that there are many other things that can be the best tool for human being survival except language. Someone says 'money' is the best tool to survive and make society. If people have money, they can buy anything that they want to have. They can buy food, house, clothes, shoes, books, and even organisms such as dog with money. With money, we can make friends, be couple (by meeting), and go to school. According to the amount of money, people's lives, environment, personality can be different. Rich people can live luxuriously, and spend much money so that it can help their country's economy, but poor people like some of Africans can not live and eat well. However, we have to know that to earn money, we need language. 'Money' is not something that we can earn without effort. Every people work hard to sustain their own family and survive. To work, people should communicate with colleagues and draft documents. Especially in company, language is a really important thing . Also the concept of 'money' can be defined by language, so if there was no language, money would not exist.

  Someone says our body is the best tool to survive. They can feed themselves, farming, and build their houses themselves. However, only with their bodies, there would not be any development in our society. We would have to live just like animals and our brain will be smaller and smaller. Humans and animals are different. If there is no language, we may have to live like animals. We can survive and make society like animals, however, there is limitation. In our society, some organisms who have power to control others can survive well. The number of the weak would decrease. So powerful animals such as elephants, lions, bear, tigers can dominate whole world, and population of human would diminish.

  There are so many things that people made for survival. Many invention, food, houses, everything around us can help us to live well. Our society has been changed by humans and developed by many inventors and leaders. Before the language exist, our lives was just like animals' lives. We just had used body language, hunt, built house with trees. Our left side of the brain would not develop at that time, and would have less ability. May be after using the tools, such as stone to hunt, sticks to indicate the number of the animals they hunted, and fire, we started to invent some 'words' to communicate each other in community. About 7,000 languages exist, every people learn their countries' language from other people. Before the babies speak, they have to receive special care from family, but after they grow up, they can learn language naturally to adapt in society.
People has had ability to speak and acquire ability to use language since thousands ago, and surprisingly, languages are still developed. Making and sharing information is an important trait of the language, and this trait can be basis of human invention. In other words, language can help another invention to be invented. Also only language can prove that we are thinking and language is the only way we can express it.
Language can be the thing that can make our culture. Because people can experience common things in that country, or spread some traits, and share culture with communication and sympathy, we are able to create culture and name it with our own language. We usually take using language for grant, however we should know that how the language  is important in our lives. Language is dong big deal to maintain our society and save our lives and we should continue to create words for our healthy lives more and more.

week 10 conclusion

There are so many things that people made for survival. Many invention, food, houses, everything around us can help us to live well. Our society has been changed by humans and developed by many inventors and leaders. Before the language exist, our lives was just like animals' lives. We just had used body language, hunt, built house with trees. Our left side of the brain would not develop at that time, and would have less ability. May be after using the tools, such as stone to hunt, sticks to indicate the number of the animals they hunted, and fire, we started to invent some 'words' to communicate each other in community. About 7,000 languages exist, every people learn their countries' language from other people. Before the babies speak, they have to receive special care from family, but after they grow up, they can learn language naturally to adapt in society.
People has had ability to speak and acquire ability to use language since thousands ago, and surprisingly, languages are still developed. Making and sharing information is an important trait of the language, and this trait can be basis of human invention. In other words, language can help another invention to be invented. Also only language can prove that we are thinking and language is the only way we can express it.
Language can be the thing that can make our culture. Because people can experience common things in that country, or spread some traits, and share culture with communication and sympathy, we are able to create culture and name it with our own language. We usually take using language for grant, however we should know that how the language  is important in our lives. Language is dong big deal to maintain our society and save our lives and we should continue to create words for our healthy lives more and more.

week 9 refutation and concession

1. What is my thesis?
language is the best tool to survive and make society rather that any other things.

2. What is the opposite position?
There are many things that can be the beat tool for human survival.

3. What arguments can I anticipate?
Money and our body can be the best tool to survive and make society.

4.How will I counter those argument?

To earn money, language is needed. Just body has limitation.

People say that there are many other things that can be the best tool for human being survival except language. Someone says 'money' is the best tool to survive and make society. If people have money, they can buy anything that they want to have. They can buy food, house, clothes, shoes, books, and even organisms such as dog with money. With money, we can make friends, be couple (by meeting), and go to school. According to the amount of money, people's lives, environment, personality can be different. Rich people can live luxuriously, and spend much money so that it can help their country's economy, but poor people like some of Africans can not live and eat well. However, we have to know that to earn money, we need language. 'Money' is not something that we can earn without effort. Every people work hard to sustain their own family and survive. To work, people should communicate with colleagues and draft documents. Especially in company, language is a really important thing . Also the concept of 'money' can be defined by language, so if there was no language, money would not exist.

Someone says our body is the best tool to survive. They can feed themselves, farming, and build their houses themselves. However, only with their bodies, there would not be any development in our society. We would have to live just like animals and our brain will be smaller and smaller. Humans and animals are different. If there is no language, we may have to live like animals. We can survive and make society like animals, however, there is limitation. In our society, some organisms who have power to control others can survive well. The number of the weak would decrease. So powerful animals such as elephants, lions, bear, tigers can dominate whole world, and population of human would diminish. 

week 8 confirmation

As you can see, the language is an adaptation. However, it also mean that the language had been changed so many time. Also, 'differences' are made in different countries because people had experienced in different situations and environment. Difference of language can affect to human thought.

 Whorf hypothesis in 1956 shows that less vocabulary cause less understanding and less knowledge. For example, Inuits in Alaska categorized snows based on colors, so there are many kinds of words about snow rather than that of other countries. Also, Hopi Indians have less past and future words. It shows that they have value in present. Finally, Philippine is an agricultural country, so there are many words about agriculture and rice. We can see that language can become different according to the cultures and countries. Various words in one field can help other people know how the people who use that language think and what they put emphasis on. Also, if certain word in one field developed in one country, limitation of the language can happen in other countries, because there are no words that can replace those words.
 Language is a communication tool, so its adaptive function is to help talk each other, communicators pass information from one generation to another, thus enriching heritage, which, in turn, further develops language and the user's understanding of the world. However, if there is no language what would happen? There would be no society. There would be no name, no words that express our mind, and may be ability to speak would not exist. There would be no communication, no family, and so humans would become vulnerable to survive, because they cannot share information and their ability to develop their brain would disappear.
'Aphasia' is a term used to describe an acquired loss of language that cause problem of speaking, writing, listening, and reading. This problem of using language can cause damage to the brain. Damage to the brain in the left frontal lobe of the language-dominant hemisphere can be affected to spontaneous speech and motor speech control. Left side of the brain is developed the ability to use language, so if someone have disability such as aphasia, the brain suffer damage. Then if there had been no such thing as language, only right side of the brain would work.
 To return, if there had been no language, there would be no family. Humans usually depend on family, especially parents for survival. However, to share love each other, people need language. There is no way to express their mind without language. Of course we can express by  our body, but without any information, people would not know how to do sexual action and grow child. It is hard to make and grow baby alone, and if people have to learn that by experience, they would usually fail. Then the concept of family will disappear because there would be no connection between parents and baby. People need language to sustain family stably and to save our mind valuing our 'family'. Language does very important work for human living and thinking, so if there is no language, really big disaster could happen. Maybe we would be extinct just like dinosaur.  Abstract things such as emotion, feeling, and imagine are something that can not define with language, because they can be different according to the situation and environment. However we can explain that kind of abstract things to others. People experience 'love', 'happy', 'sad', 'angry', so we are able to name these things with language, and understand these word. Thanks to the language, we can embody abstract things and it help us communicate more naturally and easily. Also. it helps us to share our thinking to others very closely and respond accurately.

week7 narration

Language is an evolutionary adaptation. Language first appeared among Homo sapiens somewhere between 30,000 and 100,000 years ago and people has spoken with languages, changing and creating the language to better survive. That's where the idea of natural selection comes into play, which is the notion that the specific physical traits of a population make that population more likely to survive its environment. Thanks to the language, people are able to communicate each other and make society. Many hunters can hunt very well and also save their lives easily by using languages. As humans learned more about how to best survive, they developed a need to communicate these survival methods to their population. Also, as they share their language, they were able to create concept about family and society. 

  A baby is also related to adaptation of language. The baby is the most helpless creature among the creatures if the earth. It is dependent on its parents for survival. In the absence of a common language there would be no communication, and, therefore, no family. The paternity of the child could not be established. Only the mother could be identified. Where knowledge does not exist, it is difficult to establish any connection between the sexual act and the birth, notwithstanding the period of nine months that elapses before the child is born. Even this connection is made possible by the use of language. 

   We, people has developed many things and made a lot of inventions. Television, cellphone, computer, refrigerator, air conditioner, i-pad, printer, even pencil, are these things existed in the past? The answer is absolutely no. However we can know that these things can be invented by using languages and recording the way to make them. Inventors need to discuss with peers about invents and they need people's need and they try to solve people's inconvenience.

  With these examples, I want to tell you that language is evolved, people can change their language, but people who use their country's language should a common language so that other people can understand the meaning of the word. If people had their way to create their own language, no one can communicate and that could not be language. Because language is evolutionary adaptation, we can use language, express our opinion and survive.

week6 Introduction

Introduction

How can human live until 100 years old or more, and survive without being existed? Of course there are a lot of factors that makes people live constantly such as technology, science, inventions, however, among them, language is one of the important invention that people made. We do not know exactly when people started to make language, but many myths are related to survival of humans- to communicate each other, to hunt, to show it is dangerous, or to require help. To express these situation and to survive, they need language and society. People have made language since being homo sapiens, after many changes about 7000 languages are made in different country. These languages are made by human thought, so we can make a large number of words. However, there is a paradoxical problem between 'we make languages with our thought' and 'we express our thought with language.' Which is first?  We have to think with language but if there is no exact word to express that thought, can you really sure that you are thinking now? To prove that we are thinking, we should make language continuously and the language should be common in that country which have their own language. Language is the best tool to survive and make society rather than any other things.


1. attention grabber-
I ask a interesting question that people can feel curious. I expressed language as invention of people. I also refer reason of survival of people
2. explains the topic
I said that for survival, the language is needed. The number of languages and the paradoxical problem of the language can be good example of supporting the topic
3.My thesis
My topic was language can determine human thought, but I want to write more extensively,so I changed my topic. Language is the best tool to survive and make society rather than any other things.

week 5 research

my topic : Language determines and limits human thought.

note :
1. If there is no word that I want to say, we cannot prove that we are thinking.

Read more: http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Linguistic%20Determinism#ixzz3C9DhRvH5

2. the languages are different in different countries, so lack of the word can be problem and make difference among countries.
http://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/714/what-are-some-examples-of-recent-studies-investigating-strong-linguistic-determi
3. limit of the language can be limit of the world.
4.  language problem can cause   brain damage. Especially, the left side of the brain damage can occur because of the language deficit.(aphasia)
http://memory.ucsf.edu/brain/language/disorders
5. relationship between brain size and language is unclear.
6. language is something evolved naturally.  http://www.apologeticspress.org/apcontent.aspx?category=9&article=1351
7. If there had been no language, society, family, and something can be achieved by language would not, never exist.
http://www.quranmiracles.com/2011/03/language-and-man/

My thought : there many reasons that I can support my idea. I need to order these well and make these more persuasively. I need my thought more and assist it more accurately. I also need statistics, not a just example.

week 4 outline

1. The introduction, which warms up the audience, establishes goodwill and rapport with the readers, and announces the general theme or thesis of the argument.

There is origin of the language.The Bible indicates that there were two distinct miraculous events: the original creation of Adam as a talking and understanding being; and the subsequent division of humanity into language groups as a judgment on the rebellion of the descendants of Noah. This show  that human had made language for some purposes. Now I'll tell you about some examples about absence of the language, roles of language, why the language is necessary for thinking.

2. The narration, which summarizes relevant background material, provides any information the audience needs to know about the environment and circumstances that produce the argument, and set up the stakes-what’s at risk in this question. In academic writing, this often takes the form of a literature review
Among 230 countries in the world, 3,000 to 4,000 languages are in existence. There are 
various languages and each single is very unique. These languages are used when we 
speak, write, read, are living. Language is very important for our lives. If there is no 
language, we will not be able to speak, write, read, study, maybe we can't do anything and  just  move, eat, and sleep over and over again. We can think, but can't communicate each other. Isn't is boring, and is that true life which we want to live? I don't think so. People feel happy when they express their thoughts and share their opinion. In this point, language is necessary for human mind and life. I think that language determines and limits human thought.
3. The confirmation,which lays out in a logical order (usually strongest to weakest or most obvious to most subtle) the claims that support the thesis, providing evidence for each claim.
"We think in words. The more words you know, the more thoughts you can have."  We can express our thinking through language and we also are making the language through thinking. But if there is no word that I want to express, I can think but I cannot prove what I am thinking. For example, if there was no word 'happy', how can you express that feeling? Just by smiling, we can't understand what the person who do that want to say. We also can't know why and how much they are happy without words.There is another example, my mother have bad memory so sometimes she asks of me "what I wanted to do? why am I here?". I am embarrassed when she say like that, because I don't know her thought and she didn't say what she will do to me.

If you've studied a foreign language, you may have learned that no two languages describe or conceptualize the world in exactly the same way. Each language possesses a hidden history of the culture and place in which it originated and those elements do not precisely translate into another language or mindset, only an approximation. An example of this is that the Eskimo language, because of the frozen environment where it originated, has many different words for snow that describes whether it is wet, dry, blowing, heavy, light, etc. while in English we have only one word for it. There is similar example about that. Tzeltal speakers, whose language does not have words for “right” or “left”, were blindfolded, spun in a chair and then asked to retrieve a coin that had been in one of two boxes. Their performance was the same both when boxes were placed on the floor (a geocentric reference) and when the boxes were placed on the end of a beam that was attached to the chair (an egocentric reference). Like this, many countries have various languages, so there are some words that do not exist in some countries and exist in other countries. We can see this, it is just because languages and places where they live in are different, but if we see this closely, they can know with eyes but can't express that words in their languages.

As a communication tool, language's basic adaptive function is to help communicators pass information from one generation to another, thus enriching cultural heritage, which, in turn, further develops language and the user's understanding of the world (world schema).
One of the essential properties of language is that it can multiply and generate an endless number of meanings despite its limited rules. This property is called infinite generativity. Not only does language allow us to create new ideas, it also helps us assign names to these ideas, thereby facilitating and smoother memory encoding process. language could form part or even majority of our declarative memory, or that component of our long-term memory that comprise ideas and information that can be verbally communicated. 

4. The refutation and concession, which looks at opposing viewpoints to the writer’s claims, anticipating objections from the audience, and allowing as much of the opposing viewpoints as possible without weakening the thesis.

People can think without language. Disabled people who can't speak can't talk with their language. They can only express their thinking by their bodies. It is difficult to understand if normal people see that sign. But the amazing thing is that those sign and  gesture is called 'sign language'. It is also language even though they do body language, because the language is limited, they can understand what that sign means and what they want to say and what they are thinking now.

5. The summation, which provides a strong conclusion, amplifying the force of the argument,  and showing the readers that this solution is the best at meeting the circumstances.

If there is no language, we will not able to do anything. We are human who have brain, can think, and create languages. But still we can not perfectly express our thinking and feeling directly. Even though we make the word, it takes long time to all people who use that language know that word. However, because of limitation of languages or linguistic determinism, people can understand, communicate, and talk each other in that country. They share their own, common language. I think that language control and do important role in human thoughts.